Unit 10. Foundations 2. (textbook) Foundations and Piles
Foundations are one of the most essential parts of any building. Builders can use several different types of foundations and piles. The right kind depends on the design of the building and the type of soil. For very heavy loads, it is best to put in a deep foundation. A drilled foundation with cast-in-place piles or a driven foundation with bearing piles is often a good choice. Workers use a pile driver to drive the piles into the ground. These deep foundations are suitable when bedrock can be reached. Caissons may also further support piles in a deep foundation. If the soil contains more clay, then a friction pile or friction plus bearing pile is the best choice. However, horizontal pressure calls for another type of pile. For example, to hold up earth embankments, sheet piles are ideal. 1. Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1. What machine puts piles into the ground? 2. What is one structure used with piles to support a foundation?
Reading
2. Read the textbook entry. Then, mark the statements as true (T) or false (F).
1. __ Choosing a foundation depends on the type of soil.
2. __Driven foundations cannot be used down to bedrock.
3. __A bearing pile is best for soil with a lot of clay.
Vocabulary
3. Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F).
1. __cast-in-place piles
2. __drilled foundation
3. __driven foundation
4. __caissons
5. __friction pile
6. __bearing pile
A. a box that is filled with concrete.
B. a type of deep foundation in which piles are pushed into the ground.
C. a type of deep foundation formed by creating holes in the ground.
D. a pile that depends on frictional resistance between itself and the material it passes through.
E. a pile with a large load capacity that transfers the weight of a load vertically.
F. a pile formed by pouring concrete into a drilled hole.
4. Fill in the blanks with the correct words and phrases from the word bank.
piles pile driver deep foundation friction plus bearing pile sheet piles
1. A___________is used to place piles in the ground.
2. A___________goes all the way to bedrock.
3. Use ___________to hold up the embankment.
4. Jim ordered some concrete___________for the new job.
5. A___________should be used in soil with a lot of clay.
5. Listen and read the textbook entry again. What types of foundations use piles? Listening 6. Listen to a conversation between a teacher and a student. Choose the correct answers. 1. What does the woman ask the man to do? A explain how to use pile drivers B compare the size of pile types C clarify the purpose of different piles D review the types of deep foundations 2. What does the man compare to a pile driver? A a drill C a pipe B a hammer D a nail 7. Listen again and complete the conversation. Student: Mr.Olson? Last week in class you taught us about 1_________ _________ of foundations. Could I ask you a few questions? Teacher: Of course, Lily, 2________ ________. Student: Well, you talked about deep foundations. I was a 3_________ _________about the different types. Teacher: Okay. So a 4_________ __________ is where deep holes are drilled into the ground. Then 5_________ _________are put in the holes. Student:Wait, I thought that was a driven foundation. What's the difference? Teacher: A 6_________ __________ is a deep foundation, too. Piles are driven directly into the ground with a pile driver. Speaking 8. With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7. Then, switch roles. USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS: I'm confused about ... Wait, I thought that ... Can I ask ...?
Student A: You are a Student. Talk to Student B about. types of foundations differences between two types equipment used
Student B: You are a Teacher. Talk to Student A about foundations.
Writing
9. Use the textbook entry and the conversation from Task 8 to fill out student's notes from class.
Basic construction practices
NOTES
Student name: __________________________________
Date:__________________________________________
Topic:_________________________________________
Two types of piles:
1._____________________________________________
Used for:_______________________________________
2._____________________________________________
Used for:_______________________________________
Приложение: